\u5c3a\u516b, shakuhachi [\u0161akuha\u010di] je japonsk\u00e1 pod\u00e9ln\u00e1 fl\u00e9tna. Je to nesm\u00edrn\u011b expresivn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj vhodn\u00fd k vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed nejnitern\u011bj\u0161\u00edch tu\u017eeb a emoc\u00ed. D\u00edky zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9 jednoduchosti sv\u00e9 stavby d\u00e1v\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9mu hr\u00e1\u010di ohromnou um\u011bleckou svobodu. Tato svoboda ale nen\u00ed zadarmo. Co se t\u00fd\u010de zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed hry, shakuhachi je jedn\u00edm z nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hudebn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. V Japonsku je tato fl\u00e9tna st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na p\u0159i zenov\u00e9m v\u00fdcviku.<\/p>\n
Shakuhachi se dr\u017e\u00ed svisle jako zobcov\u00e1 fl\u00e9tna, ale na rozd\u00edl od n\u00ed nefouk\u00e1 hr\u00e1\u010d do zobce, ale p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159es speci\u00e1ln\u011b tvarovanou hranu. D\u00edky tomu si m\u016f\u017ee vytvo\u0159it vlastn\u00ed barvu t\u00f3nu a b\u011bhem hran\u00ed ji m\u011bnit dle po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho v\u00fdrazu. Otev\u0159en\u00e1 hrana, p\u0159es kterou hr\u00e1\u010d fouk\u00e1, tak\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje ovl\u00e1dat a modulovat v\u00fd\u0161ku vyluzovan\u00e9ho t\u00f3nu. Pomoc\u00ed p\u011bti hmatov\u00fdch otvor\u016f lze tedy zahr\u00e1t jak\u00fdkoli t\u00f3n v rozsahu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159\u00ed okt\u00e1v.<\/p>\n
Shakuhachi znamen\u00e1 d\u00e9lku standardn\u00ed fl\u00e9tny ve star\u00fd m\u011brn\u00fdch jednotk\u00e1ch, \u010dili 1 shaku a 8 desetin (hachi), tj. \u201e1,8 shaku\u201c (54,54 cm). Nicm\u00e9n\u011b fl\u00e9tny shakuhachi mohou dosahovat d\u00e9lky od zhruba 1,3 a\u017e po 3,6 shaku. \u010c\u00edm del\u0161\u00ed shakuhachi, t\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed je jej\u00ed lad\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Shakuhachi se v\u011bt\u0161inou vyr\u00e1b\u00ed z ko\u0159enov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti speci\u00e1ln\u011b vybran\u00e9ho bambusu madake, ale existuj\u00ed i n\u00e1stroje ze d\u0159eva nebo plastu. Um\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdroby shakuhachi je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd proces, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 dovednosti a hr\u00e1\u010dsk\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti. Cel\u00fd vnit\u0159n\u00ed tubus shakuhachi je d\u016fkladn\u011b vytvarov\u00e1n, aby n\u00e1stroj z\u00edskal spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 lad\u011bn\u00ed a vyv\u00e1\u017eenost.
\nNavzdory zd\u00e1nliv\u011b jednoduch\u00e9mu a pom\u011brn\u011b neopracovan\u00e9mu vzhledu je shakuhachi v\u00fdsledkem v\u00fdrobn\u00edho procesu slo\u017een\u00e9ho z pe\u010dliv\u011b propracovan\u00fdch krok\u016f, kter\u00fd je ostatn\u011b typick\u00fd pro ve\u0161kerou japonskou mistrovskou \u0159emeslnou v\u00fdrobu. Kdy\u017e se v jedn\u00e9 fl\u00e9tn\u011b shakuhachi snoub\u00ed kr\u00e1sa i funk\u010dnost, m\u016f\u017ee jej\u00ed cena dos\u00e1hnout a\u017e mili\u00f3n\u016f jen\u016f.<\/p>\n
Od 50. let 20. stolet\u00ed a zejm\u00e9na od doby, kdy Newyorsk\u00e1 filharmonie uvedla premi\u00e9ru d\u00edla November Steps od T\u00f3rua Takemitsua, je shakuhachi zdrojem inspirace pro um\u011blce, hudebn\u00edky a skladatele z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Mezi zn\u00e1m\u00e9 um\u011blce, jejich\u017e jm\u00e9no je spojeno se shakuhachi, pat\u0159\u00ed Henry Cowell, John Cage, Andrej Tarkovskij, Peter E\u00f6tv\u00f6s a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n
Na konci 20. stolet\u00ed se po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b vyskytovala jen hrstka skv\u011bl\u00fdch profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f na nejaponsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu. V 21. stolet\u00ed s t\u00edm, jak se n\u00e1stroji dost\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l t\u00edm v\u00edce publicity a roste jeho popularita, se po\u010det hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f na shakuhachi mimo Japonsko rychle zvy\u0161uje. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky propagace shakuhachi jsou akce jako je International Shakuhachi Festival v Praze.<\/p>\n
Zenov\u00e1 praxe a hran\u00ed na shakuhachi oboje vy\u017eaduje hlubok\u00e9 d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed, klid a pozornou mysl. \u201eIchi-on-djo-butsuu\u201c neboli \u201esta\u0148 se Buddhou jedn\u00edm t\u00f3nem\u201c je spole\u010dn\u00e9 motto mnoha hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f na shakuhachi po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Vykresluje to odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f dos\u00e1hnout osv\u00edcen\u00ed. Skladby, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jako n\u00e1stroj tohoto sna\u017een\u00ed, se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed honkyoku a tvo\u0159\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou a neust\u00e1le se vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed slo\u017eku reperto\u00e1ru pro shakuhachi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Co je shakuhachi? \u5c3a\u516b, shakuhachi [\u0161akuha\u010di] je japonsk\u00e1 pod\u00e9ln\u00e1 fl\u00e9tna. Je to nesm\u00edrn\u011b expresivn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj vhodn\u00fd k vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed nejnitern\u011bj\u0161\u00edch tu\u017eeb a emoc\u00ed. D\u00edky zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9 jednoduchosti sv\u00e9 stavby d\u00e1v\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9mu hr\u00e1\u010di ohromnou um\u011bleckou svobodu. Tato svoboda ale nen\u00ed zadarmo. Co se t\u00fd\u010de zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed hry, shakuhachi je jedn\u00edm z nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hudebn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. V Japonsku je tato fl\u00e9tna…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":465,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-intro","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/isfp.cz\/2025\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/327"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/isfp.cz\/2025\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/isfp.cz\/2025\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/isfp.cz\/2025\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/isfp.cz\/2025\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=327"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/isfp.cz\/2025\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/327\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1412,"href":"https:\/\/isfp.cz\/2025\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/327\/revisions\/1412"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/isfp.cz\/2025\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/isfp.cz\/2025\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=327"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}